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Pāṇinīya vyākaraṇa

Linguistic Tradition Group

• Ancient Indian linguistics
  A group of linguistic traditions

References

• Bauer, L (2006), Compound.
  Miscellaneous
• Cardona, George (1976), Pāṇini. A survey of research. The Hague: Mouton.
  Book
• Cardona, George (1997), Pāṇini. His work and its traditions. Volume 1 Background and introduction. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
  Book
• Cardona, George (2004), Recent research in Pāṇinian studies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
  Book
• Katre, Sumitra Mangesh (1968, 1968, 1969), Dictionary of Pāṇini. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
  Book
• Roodbergen, J.A.F. (2008), Dictionary of Pāṇinian grammatical terminology. Pune: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
  Book

Linguistic Notions

• Argument structure
  1. Introduction Argument structure concerns the processes and relations involved in the syntactic realization of the semantic dependents of a predicate. Crucial notions in many treatme...
• Compounding
  A compound can be defined in very basic terms as a word that is made up of two or more words. Compounds thus show properties of both morphological formation (the whole constitutes a word) and sy...
• Control
  In modern linguistics, the term control refers to a construction (or family of constructions) in which there is coreference between an argument of a matrix predicate and an argument of...
• Coordination
  The term coordination refers to the juxtaposition of two or more words or phrases under a single phrasal node, often linked by a conjunction such as and or or. Unlike...
• Ellipsis
  The term 'ellipsis' in grammatical theory most generally refers to linguistic material being omitted, deleted, or simply left unpronounced. The omitted material is needed for the full interpreta...
• Grammar
  1. The term 'grammar' As discussed by Aarts (2006: 113), the term grammar can be used in a variety of ways. In a broad sense, grammar can refer to syntax and morpholo...
• Lexical vs Functional Categories
  1. Introduction The distinction between lexical and functional categories is a well-known one in Western linguistics. It is both long-standing (possibly dating back...
• Objecthood
  1. Introduction Like the closely related notion of 'subject', the notion of 'object' is an ancient one in the Western linguistic tradition, and in modern Western linguistics 'object',...
• Passive
  1. Introduction The term 'passive' refers to an argument structure alternation or operation common in languages with nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment, and to verb forms...
• Periphrasis
  1. Introduction The term 'periphrasis' broadly refers to constructions in which a syntactic sequence of two (or more, at least in principle) words can be considered to represent the in...
• Subjecthood
  1 Introduction The notion 'subject' is an ancient one in the Western linguistic tradition, going back to at least Aristotle. In modern Western linguistics, the notion of 'subject' rema...

Texts

• Aṣṭādhyāyī
  The Aṣṭādhyāyī is the foundational sūtra text of the Pāṇinian grammatical school, and also (one of) the most important text in the Sanskrit grammatical tradition (vyākaraṇa) and the Indian literary...
• Bhāṣāvṛtti
  The Bhāṣāvṛtti is a relatively concise partial commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī, not commenting on the sūtras treating the Vedic language. Its author is Puruṣottamadeva.
• Bālamanoramā
  The Bālamanoramā is a commentary for the less advanced on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Siddhāntakaumudī. Its author is Vāsudevadīkṣita.
• Bṛhacchabdenduśekhara
  The Bṛhacchabdenduśekhara is a commentary on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Siddhāntakaumudī (a commentary on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī). A younger and shorter version of the Bṛhacchabdenduśekhara is the Laghuśabdend...
• Kāśikāvṛtti
  The Kāśikāvṛtti (a.k.a. Kāśikā) is (one of) the most important commentaries on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. It is the oldest extant full commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. It comments on the Aṣṭādhyāyī following its...
• Laghuśabdaratna
  The Laghuśabdaratna (a.k.a. Śabdaratna) is a commentary on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Prauḍhamanoramā (a commentary on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's own Siddhāntakaumudī). It is a shorter version of Haridīkṣita's Bṛhac...
• Laghuśabdenduśekhara
  The Laghuśabdenduśekhara is a commentary on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Siddhāntakaumudī (a commentary on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī). It is a younger and shorter version of Nāgeśabhaṭṭa's own Bṛhacchabdenduśekhara...
• Mahābhāṣyapradīpa
  The Mahābhāṣyapradīpa (a.k.a. Pradīpa) is the oldest extant full commentary on the Mahābhāṣya. It has received several commentaries, e.g. Nāgeśabhaṭṭa's Mahābhāṣyapradīpoddyota.
• Mahābhāṣyapradīpoddyota
  The Mahābhāṣyapradīpoddyota (a.k.a. Uddyota) is a commentary on Kaiyaṭa's Mahābhāṣyapradīpa (a commentary on the Mahābhāṣya). Its author is Nāgeśabhaṭṭa.
• Mādhavīyadhātuvṛtti
  The Mādhavīyadhātuvṛtti is a commentary on the Pāṇinian Dhātupāṭha. It gives the technical derivation (prakriyā) of finite and non-finite forms of the verbal roots in that dhātupāṭha. Some believe...
• Nyāsa
  The Nyāsa (a.k.a. Kāśikāvivaraṇapañcikā or Kāśikāvivaraṇapañjikā) is the oldest extant commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti, a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. Its author is Jinendrabuddhi.
• Padamañjarī
  The Padamañjarī is an important commentary on the Kāśikāvṛtti, a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. Its author is Haradatta.
• Paddhati
  The Paddhati of Vṛṣabhadeva (a.k.a. Harivṛṣabha) is a commentary on the first book of the Vākyapadīya.
• Paribhāṣenduśekhara
  The Paribhāṣenduśekhara is a set of Pāṇinian paribhāṣās (metalinguistic rule) with a commentary on them. Its author is Nāgeśabhaṭṭa.
• Prakriyākaumudī
  The Prakriyākaumudī is a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. It is one of the earliest Aṣṭādhyāyī commentaries with a thematic reordering of the sūtras and may have served as a model for Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita'...
• Prakriyākaumudīprakāśa
  The Prakriyākaumudīprakāśa (a.k.a. Prakāśa) is a commentary on Rāmacandraśeṣa's Prakriyākaumudī. Its author is Kṛṣṇaśeṣa.
• Prakriyākaumudīprasāda
  The Prakriyākaumudīprasāda (a.k.a. Prasāda) is a commentary on the Prakriyākaumudī. Its author is Viṭṭhala.
• Prakriyāsarvasva
  The Prakriyāsarvasva is a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī.
• Prakīrṇaprakāśa
  Helārāja's Prakīrṇaprakāśa is a commentary on the third book of the Vākyapadīya.
• Prauḍhamanoramā
  The Prauḍhamanoramā (a.k.a. Manoramā) is Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's commentary on his own Siddhāntakaumudī, a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī with thematic reordering of the sūtras.
• Rūpāvatāra
  The Rūpāvatāra is the oldest extant commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī with a thematic reordering of the sūtras; thus, the Rūpāvatāra may have provided a model for later, more renowned works like the Pra...
• Tattvabodhinī
  The Tattvabodhinī is a commentary on Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Siddhāntakaumudī. Its author is Jñānendrasarasvatī.
• Uṇādisūtra
  The Uṇādisūtra is a set of sūtras giving primary suffixes (kṛt) and deriving words not found taught in the Aṣṭādhyāyī. Pāṇini has mentioned the term uṇādi in two of his Aṣṭādhyāyī sūtras, namely 3....
• Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra
  The Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra, a shorter version of the Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇa, is a commentary on the set of verses called Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakārikā authored by Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita. The Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasā...
• Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī
  The Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī (a.k.a. Siddhāntakaumudī) is one of the most important and popular commentaries on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. Like the older works e.g. the Rūpāvatāra and the Prakriyākaumudī,...
• Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakārikā
  Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita's Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakārikā (a.k.a. Vaiyākaraṇamatonmajjana) is a set of c. 75 verses on the philosophy of grammar/language and intended as a condensation of the ideas in the Śabda...
• Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntalaghumañjūṣā
  The Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntalaghumañjūṣā (a.k.a. Laghumañjūṣā) is a work on the philosophy of grammar/language. It is possibly a revision of the Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntamañjūṣā and is longer than the Vaiyā...
• Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntamañjūṣā
  The Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntamañjūṣā (a.k.a. Mañjūṣā) is a work on the philosophy of grammar/language. It is possibly the earliest among the three 'mañjūṣā works' of Nāgeśabhaṭṭa. The Laghumañjūṣā is po...
• Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntaparamalaghumañjūṣā
  The Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntaparamalaghumañjūṣā (a.k.a. Paramalaghumañjūṣā) is a work on the philosophy of grammar/language. It is an abridgement of the Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntalaghumañjūṣā and is possibly...
• Vyākaraṇamahābhāṣya
  The Vyākaraṇamahābhāṣya (a.k.a. Mahābhāṣya, Bhāṣya) consists of Kātyāyāna's vārttikas (short sūtra-like statements commenting on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī) and Patañjali's commentary on both Kātyāyāna's...
• Vākyapadīya
  The Vākyapadīya, a.k.a. Trikāṇḍī, is a set of around 2000 verses, divided in three books, treating the philosophy of Sanskrit grammar/philosophy of language. It is (one of) the most important works...
• Śabdakaustubha
  The Śabdakaustubha is a commentary on the Aṣṭādhyāyī. The extant text of the Śabdakaustubha covers the following portions of the Aṣṭādhyāyī: 1.1−4, 2.1−4, 3.1−2, 4.1−4. The Śabdakaustubha has recei...
• Ṭīkā
  Puṇyarāja's Ṭīkā is a commentary on the second book of the Vākyapadīya.

Authors

• Bhartṛhari
  Bhartṛhari's most famous work is the Vākyapadīya. He also wrote the Mahābhāṣyadīpikā, the oldest partially extant commentary on the Mahābhāṣya. Some also consider Bhartṛhari to be the author of a t...
• Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita
  Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita (fl. in Vārāṇasī), a.k.a. Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita or Bhaṭṭoji, was a hugely important figure in the Sanskrit grammatical tradition in specific and the Sanskrit intellectual traditions in g...
• Dharmakīrti
  Dharmakīrti was possibly a Jain.
• Haradatta
  Haradatta was from south India.
• Haridīkṣita
  Haridīkṣita (c. 1650 A.D.), a.k.a. Hari Dīkṣita, was the grandson of Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita and the author of the Bṛhacchabdaratna. Haridīkṣita was the teacher of Nāgeśabhaṭṭa. It is believed by some that...
• Helārāja
  Helārāja was possibly from Kashmir and a contemporary of Abhinavagupta.
• Jayāditya
  Jayāditya was one of the two authors of the Kāśikāvṛtti (the other being Vāmana).
• Jinendrabuddhi
  Jinendrabuddhi was a Buddhist.
• Jñānendrasarasvatī
  Jñānendrasarasvatī was the teacher of Nīlakaṇṭhavājapeyin.
• Kaiyaṭa
  Kaiyaṭa was from Kashmir.
• Kauṇḍabhaṭṭa
  Kauṇḍabhaṭṭa was the son of Raṅgojidīkṣita, the brother of Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita, i.e. Kauṇḍabhaṭṭa was the nephew of Bhaṭṭojidīkṣita.
• Kātyāyana
  Kātyāyana is chronologically the second author in the Pāṇinian grammatical school whose work is extant. In the tradition, Kātyāyana is regarded as one of the Pāṇinian sage-triad (munitraya) enjoyin...
• Kṛṣṇaśeṣa
  Kṛṣṇaśeṣa (a.k.a. Kṛṣṇa Śeṣa, Śeṣakṛṣṇa, or Śeṣa Kṛṣṇa), of the famous Śeṣa family of Varanasi, is believed by some to be the grandson of Rāmacandraśeṣa (the author of the Prakriyākaumudī). Kṛṣṇaśe...
• Nāgeśabhaṭṭa
  Nāgeśabhaṭṭa (a.k.a. Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, Nāgeśa, Nāgojibhaṭṭa, Nāgoji Bhaṭṭa, Nāgoji; fl. in Vārāṇasī) was a hugely important figure in the Sanskrit grammatical tradition. Some consider Nāgeśabhaṭṭa to...
• Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭa
  Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭa was from south India (Kerala). His other works include the grammatical poem Dhātukāvya and the devotional poem Nārāyaṇīya.
• Patañjali
  Patañjali is chronologically the third author in the Pāṇinian grammatical school whose work is extant. In the tradition, Patañjali is regarded as one of the Pāṇinian sage-triad (munitraya) enjoying...
• Puruṣottamadeva
  Puruṣottamadeva was from eastern India, possibly Bengal.
• Puṇyarāja
  Puṇyarāja was the author of a commentary (Ṭīkā) on the Vākyapadīya.
• Pāṇini
  Pāṇini (also referred to as Dākṣīputra and Śālāturīya), the author of the Aṣṭādhyāyī, was possibly from Gandhāra, which is the north-western area of the Indian subcontinent. In addition, the Pāṇinī...
• Rāmacandraśeṣa
  Rāmacandraśeṣa (a.k.a. Rāmacandra Śeṣa or Rāmacandra) is believed to be the grandfather of Viṭṭhala (the author of the commentary Prakriyākaumudīprasāda on Rāmacandraśeṣa's Prakriyākaumudī). Some a...
• Viṭṭhala
  Viṭṭhala is believed to be the grandson of Rāmacandraśeṣa (the author of the Prakriyākaumudī).
• Vāmana
  Vāmana was one of the two authors of the Kāśikāvṛtti (the other being Jayāditya).
• Vāsudevadīkṣita
  Vāsudevadīkṣita was possibly from Tamil Nadu.
• Vṛṣabhadeva
  Vṛṣabhadeva (a.k.a. Harivṛṣabha) was patronised by king Viṣṇugupta.

Linguistic Traditions

• Apāṇinīya vyākaraṇa
  Apāṇinīya vyākaraṇa (non-Pāṇinian grammar) refers to the various Sanskrit grammatical traditions based on root texts other than Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī. The extant non-Pāṇinian gra...

Linguistic Fields

• Phonology
  Phonology is the study of the (abstract) sound systems underlying the physical (articulatory and acoustic) aspects of speech. Phonology plays a central role in Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī, which...
• Pragmatics
  Pragmatics is the study of meaning beyond the literal meaning of words and their composition into phrases and clauses, encompassing in very broad terms much of the ‘use’ of language in the real...
• Semantics
  Semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic expressions, and more specifically the study of the literal meaning of linguistic expressions (in contrast with pragmatics, the study of the u...